The Book of Jināyāt (Criminal Offences)

Question: A car driver, with a passenger riding with him, is driving his car at the usual speed on a non-asphalted road. On the route he is travelling, there is a ridge (ʿurm) between the tracks of the two wheels,...

Question: A man’s mind became deranged and he killed five men, then he was killed immediately. The guardians of the five slain then came wanting to take revenge for their killed relatives from the kin of the madman. The tribes...

Question: Is it permissible to assist a tribe that has borne financial liabilities for offences, in that it killed [someone] during a time of truce and armistice and therefore incurred many indemnities – or not?

We have farmland in which we plant maize. In the season, the Bedouins’ camels come and cause us much trouble. No wall or anything else holds them back from the crops. We must expend effort, guard, and yet they still...

Question: There are birds that harm agricultural crops such as fruit, grain, and the like. There are also dogs that harm crops. Is it permissible to kill the birds and dogs that harm the crops, or not?

Question: Some people find it objectionable to protect crops, grapevines, and the like from birds and similar creatures. Is this something that should be disapproved of or not?

Question: Is it permissible to kill harmful insects that cause minor harm, such as ants? They may multiply until vessels, food, and water are filled with them

Question: A man was killed and he had heirs. Some of the heirs undertook to pursue the killer and dispute with him until the killer was sentenced to qiṣāṣ. In the process, many fines and costs fell upon (this pursuing...

Question: A man has upon him an expiation for mistaken killing, and freeing a slave and fasting are both impossible for him. Does feeding suffice him?

Question: A man had upon him an expiation for killing. He fell ill and did not fast, then died. After his death, his son fasted forty days, then broke off the fasting because of illness. What should this son do?