The Book of Jināyāt (Criminal Offences)

Question: It is said that rescuing a drowning person is obligatory upon whoever is present, even if this bystander fears drowning himself. If he does not do so, he must pay the drowned person’s diyah. What is your opinion on...

Question: A doctor working in a hospital administers anaesthesia to a patient before an operation, and complications sometimes occur, rarely – at a rate of one or two percent. He only gives the patient a specified, standard dose. Is he...

Question: Two boys who had not yet reached puberty went diving for water in a cistern (mājal). They went down and swam. As one of them was ascending from the bottom of the cistern toward the surface of the water,...

Question: A woman took her daughter to the doctor. The doctor then said to her: “If you do not bring her back for treatment after a day or two, she will die.” Then some excuse arose for the mother that...

Question: A woman caused her pregnancy to be miscarried and delivered it dead. What is required of her?

Question: A woman slept while her infant child was beside her. When she woke in the morning, she saw that her child had died, and he had not been ill beforehand. What is required of her? Bearing in mind that...

Question: A woman lay down, and her infant son was beside her, nursing from her. When she woke up, she found that her infant had died, even though at the beginning of the night he had been in good health...

Question: A woman was in the habit of tying a band around her infant’s head to protect him from the cold. One day she woke up to find that her child had died because of the band, as it had...

Question: A woman took the child of her female relative and poured a drink into his mouth; the child choked on that drink and died. What is required of this woman?

Question: A passenger bus carrying more than thirty passengers was involved in an accident, and nearly all the passengers died while the driver survived. Approximately seventy percent of the fault was due to the driver. What is required of the...