Question: Does a man incur sin by standing in a place that is being continuously targeted by bombardment, or does he not incur sin? And if he keeps his wife and children with him in the dangerous place, what is his ruling?
The answer – and Allah is the Guardian who grants success – is that the ruling is tied to predominant assumption (ẓann). If a man predominates in assumption that safety will prevail in his standing in the dangerous place, then there is no sin upon him in standing there. But if he predominantly assumes that he will be exposed to destruction or injury, then it is prohibited for him to stand there – except if he is standing there to defend his property, or his neighbor, or his believing brother; in that case, he does not incur sin.
If he keeps his family and children with him while he assumes safety, then there is no sin upon him. But if he assumes that they will be exposed to danger, then he incurs sin. The proof for that is rational, for people of sound intellect judge in accordance with what we have mentioned.
Source: Min Thimār al-ʿIlm wa al-Ḥikmah vol.2