[Ruling on Injecting a Sterile Man with the Semen of a Healthy Man to Beget a Child]

The answer—and Allah is the Patron Who grants success: The child’s lineage is not established for the sterile man; he is not his son. Nor is lineage established for the owner of the semen, for he has no marriage bed with the child’s mother. As for the sterile husband, [the child is not his] because he was created from fluid other than his. As for the mother, the child’s lineage is established from her.
What the sterile man did is forbidden; no Muslim may enter into it. It is likewise impermissible for a Muslim to give a dose of his semen to another man or to a woman. Allah Most High said: "And those who guard their private parts—except from their spouses or those their right hands possess." [Al-Maʿārij:29–30]. Whoever gives his semen to a man or to a woman for insemination is not guarding his chastity.
If a child comes to a person by that aberrant method and he raises him until he grows up—the legal ruling concerning that child is that he is not a son of that man; he does not inherit from him; it is not permissible for him to enter upon the man’s unmarriageable kin (maḥārim); nor may he be attributed to him—so it must not be said: “So-and-so, son of So-and-so.”
It is neither appropriate nor permissible to say that he is a child of fornication; for the one who placed [the semen] placed it in a private part by a legal marriage, but erred in that he irrigated his tillage with water other than his own.
Source : Min Thimār al-ʿIlm wa al-Ḥikmah vol.1