May a Woman Be Prevented from Seeking Knowledge?

Answer—with Allah’s help: If a woman has attained knowledge of what she must know—first and foremost the prayer, after a general knowledge of Allah the Exalted—and has affiliated herself in her religion with the scholars of the Household of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and his family and grant them peace) and follows what they hold in general, then she is not required to leave her home to seek further knowledge. Allah says to the wives of the Prophet (May Allah bless him and his family and grant them peace): “Remain in your homes, and do not display yourselves …” [al-Aḥzāb:33]. And in the ḥadīth from the Prophet (May Allah bless him and his family and grant them peace): “Women are [prone to] error and [are] private; cover their errors with silence, and their private parts with homes.”
Yes, if her family permit her to go out to seek knowledge, she may not go out except with a maḥram relative. If she has a maḥram, she may not listen to or receive knowledge from non-maḥram men except under these conditions:
1. She does not address the scholar face-to-face but from behind a screen.
2. She does not soften her speech or make it endearing.
3. She lowers her gaze, her voice, and her adornment.
It may be said: What you listed as sufficient knowledge is in truth insufficient, for there are rulings that must be known due to their general applicability.
We reply: As you said—however, such matters do not require going out to seek them because they are well-known among the people: the prohibition of wine, adultery, cheating, deception, lying, injustice, backbiting, tale-bearing, etc.; likewise the rights of parents, relatives, and neighbors; the amount of zakāt; the obligation of fasting from dawn to sunset—all are known …etc.
Therefore, once she has attained what we mentioned, it is obligatory for her to remain in her home and obey her parents; in this situation—where obedience to parents is at stake—she may not go out to seek knowledge.
Source : Min Thimār al-ʿIlm wa al-Ḥikmah vol.1